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One of science's greatest challenges.


Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting approximately 40.5% of the world’s population at some point in their life .

Every year there are..

new cases, and

cancer-related deaths .

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Of these deaths


lung cancer is responsible for the highest number of fatalities, comprising around 28% of the cases . Here over 85% of the cases can be attributed to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to a lack of symptoms, it is often diagnosed at a late stage, making treatment difficult .

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Contrary to popular belief,


lung cancer does not always originate from smoking. There are a wide array of causes that can lead to NSCLC. These include, but are not limited to:

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Treatments such as


chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy are widely used. Their ineffectiveness for NSCLC is less known, only having a survival rate of 26.6% after the first 5 years, while still having high costs for patients. This shows the need for a new treatment .

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That is why we developed:

The iGEM TU 2024 icon
The iGEM TU 2024 icon

A modular immunotherapy using surface-engineered bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs). Derived from the BCG-vaccine, PROMISE allows quick mobilization of immune cells, targeting and destroying cancer cells using both the BMV’s natural ability to stimulate the innate immune system and induce trained immunity, as well as the addition of cancer-specific antigens, stimulating the adaptive immune system. This approach makes PROMISE a powerful, targeted treatment for lung cancer with minimal side effects.

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PROMISE's design allows for:

Increased efficiency

Reduced side-effects

Long lasting protection

A modular platform for use across different cancer types and other immune-mediates diseases

How do we make this work?


See the visualization below.

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BMV ISOLATION









ANTIGEN FACTORY





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The iGEM TU 2024 icon
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1. First, we combine the bacteria with our custom made plasmid.

This allows the bacteria to create a modular handle on it's membrane.

2. Then, we isolate the bacterial membrane vesicles.

3. After isolation we combine the vesicles via the modular handle with the disease-specific antigens.

This creates the fully functionalized vesicles.

This is the key component of our vaccine!

The Future

Due to PROMISE's modular design it can be adjusted and tailored to the individual by using personal cancer epitopes, as well as that it can be expanded to different cancer types or even other diseases! Just swap out the antigen, and it alerts the immune system for something completely different. This is how versatile PROMISE is.

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Want to know more?