Plant Nematodes are among the most important pathogens causing crop diseases in China. Their impact threatens both food and economic crop production, endangering agricultural productivity and food security . They are projected to become the second most prevalent plant disease in China[1].

Nematodes use oral needles to secrete excretion from their oesophageal glands into host plant cells, inducing host cells to form specialized feeding sites. Over long-term evolution, root-knot nematodes induce host root cells to form multinucleated giant cells. Root-knot enable Nematodes to absorb large amounts of nutrition from the plant, promoting nematode growth and development while disrupting the partitioning of photosynthates, which ultimately affects plant growth[2].

Common nematode control methods, including chemical control and land management, face challenges such as environmental pollution and slow efficacy[3].

To overcome the current limitations of pesticides, we developed Bacillus Gemini.

Plant Guard (Based on Bacillus subtilis)

1.Bacillus subtilis is widely distributed from the root zone to the leaf surface of plants.

2.Its primary role is defense against nematodes.

3.VLP carries externally linked plant immune-activating proteins[4], contributing to plant immune induction[5][6].

Nematode Buster (Based on Bacillus velezensis)

1.Bacillus velezensis predominantly resides in plant roots and can form biofilms.

2.Its primary function is to attack nematodes.

3.Upon sensing hormonal changes in response to nematode damage ( salicylic acid), the engineered bacteria synthesize virus-like particles.

4.These particles carry anti-nematode proteins and include antisense RNA targeting key genes in the life cycle of nematodes.

5.It is also designed that velezensis secretes a novel anti-nematode molecule called trans-Aconitic acid[7].

6.The engineered bacteria exert a comprehensive lethal effect on nematodes through the aforementioned series of mechanisms.

We enhance the colonization abilities of the engineered bacteria.By enhancing the expression of cell wall phosphates and surface starch-like proteins, both strains exhibit better survival and adhesion capabilities.This enables them to form stronger symbiotic relationships with plants and effectively carry out their protective functions[8][9].

In summary, the use of these Bacillus as biological control agents holds promise as a durable strategy against plant-parasitic nematodes in agriculture. Their multifaceted mechanisms, including direct antagonism, adhesion protection, and immune system activation, contribute to reducing nematode damage and enhancing plant defenses.