Our project focuses on developing an effective and affordable device for detecting heavy metals, specifically lead, zinc, mercury, and cadmium. To achieve this, we are genetically modifying E. coli to express a variety of colorimetric proteins, including dTomato, eforRed, tsPurple, and amilCP.
In conjunction with this biological modification, we will design an IoT-enabled device that utilizes machine learning algorithms to monitor and analyze the color changes in the bacteria upon exposure to different heavy metals. Through this innovative approach, we aim to create a reliable and cost-effective solution for heavy metal detection.
Our mission
Throughout the product development process, HongKong-JSS has implemented thoughtful measures to ensure that the developed products are successfully delivered to society.
- Identify the target customer and design a product that meets their needs and preferences
- Develop a practical solution while ensuring scalability and originality
- Incorporate the feedback and opinions of all stakeholders
- From the outset, we prioritize our customers. We identified potential customers and their specific needs through interviews with the public and the industry, and provided a prototype.
- Our focus has been on creating a product that is both scalable and innovative. We carefully considered the potential positive and negative impact of the solution and developed a feasible entrepreneurial plan that aligns with our goals.
- At every project stage, we actively sought input from all relevant stakeholders to help design a professional product and formulate a realistic plan that could be effectively applied in the real world.
Unmet needs
Some heavy metals are essential nutrients for various physiological and biochemical functions of the human body. Inadequate intake can lead to malnutrition. However, heavy metals such as mercury, lead, and arsenic have no health benefits, and some heavy metals can even cause poisoning even at very low concentrations. [1]
To protect public health, it is crucial to avoid excessive exposure to harmful heavy metals. Currently, only a few companies offer heavy metal testing services, and their prices are often prohibitively high. As a result, many individuals may find these services unaffordable and may be unwilling to pay for them.
To better understand market demand, we conducted interviews with community members and found that they also desire the ability to detect the heavy metal content of substances in their surroundings at any time. In addition to the general public, interviews with various stakeholders revealed a demand for our products in various fields. Obviously, there is a significant unmet need.
Figure 1: Result of our public survey
Sharpest edges
Our most particular advantage is using genetically modified organisms to detect heavy metals in substances. According to the United Nations, there are over 100,000 chemical substances surrounding us.The current regulations for testing physical and chemical substances are based on industry experience or summaries after major safety incidents, they cover only a limited range of chemicals. According to a joint report by the World Health Organization and the United Nations, the harmful substances found in our daily products can lead to various health issues, including cancer, infertility, early puberty, obesity, neurological disorders, and other diseases. Unfortunately, consumers lack sufficient information to make informed safety choices.
Existing regulations are primarily on accurate chemical tests, but toxicity should also be evaluated based on biological data. However, the existing biological data is mainly for pure chemicals, and it's challenging to assess the effects of chemical mixtures. Vitargent's biological test database shows that many chemicals are not significantly toxic when present alone within the regulatory concentration range, but when mixed, the toxicity caused by the mixed effect is much higher than we know. Since consumer products are made of many different chemicals, biological testing is a more direct and reliable way to assess toxicity.
Safety is a relative concept. Passing the biological toxicity test does not guarantee absolute safety, but products with toxicity levels exceeding the recommended values do represent a relatively higher potential biological risk from a biotoxicology perspective. [2]
Three Versions of the devices
To cater to the requirements of each market, we have designed three different versions of the device.
| Versions: | Target audiences: |
|---|---|
| 1. Domestic version | The general public |
| 2. Integrated version | Company , Environmetal organization,etc |
| 3. Educational version | Kids, teachers and schools |
1. Domestic version (Current version)
Based on the data collected from the public, it is evident that people are deeply concerned about heavy metal pollution and whether it is present in their surroundings. They have also expressed a strong desire for the ability to detect the heavy metal content in water and herbal medicine at any time, to ensure it meets safety standards. Additionally, when we presented our product designed to use GM E. coli to detect heavy metals, most people expressed interest in using it.
To allow residents to detect the heavy metal contents in water and herbal medicine daily, this version of our device mainly focuses on price and usability. Regarding usability, the app monitors and runs the AI model for you. Our device also supports both online and offline operation. For offline operation, this version does not require the internet to run and for online operation, our device will send image and model data to the account you register online. Additionally, we have included real-life alerts on the mobile device from the app.
- Target auduences: The general public
- Use case: To allow the genral public to detect the heavy metal contents in water and herbal medicine at anytime
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Advantages:
- It is user-friendly, providing app and instructions to help users learn how to use both the product and app. Moreover, when the levels of heavy metals in the sample exceed the standard, the user will receive a notification as a reminder.
- Our products have low production costs, so the selling prices will also be relatively low compared to current market testing services, making it more affordable and cost-effective for the public.
- The app continuously monitors and runs the AI model, so users do not need to care about the setup.
- The size of our devices is small, making it portable and space-saving in the user's home.
- The system can operate without internet connection, allowing users to run it offline.
- The online recording system can send image and model data to the user's registered account. Users can freely review the data and results at any time.
- If the levels of heavy metals in the sample exceed the safety standard, the app will send a real-time alert to the mobile device immediately.
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Limitation:
- Only mobile devices that are local and broadcasting hotspots can get the notification
Figure 2: The mobile app showcasing live streaming
2. Intergrated version
After collecting feedback from various stakeholders, we found valuable insights suggesting that our device could be used in various industries. As a result, we have decided to develop an enhanced version that could be applied in different aspects such as environmental management, large-scale screening, and security inspections. This decision was informed by the recognition of the versatility and adaptability of our products to address the specific needs of these varied sectors.
To ensure that this version is suitable for a wide range of applications, we have prioritized accuracy, reliability, and data analysis. Specifically, we have replaced the original ESP32 CAM with high-resolution webcams to significantly improve the accuracy of our detection results. Additionally, we plan to integrate a larger and more comprehensive database to further enhance the reliability of our system.
- Target audiences: Company (E.g. Chinese medicine supplier), environmental organization, Quango, farmer, etc
- Use case: Environmental management, large-scale screening, outdoor detection and security inspections, etc.
-
Advantages:
- It has a mapping service to identify checkpoints and visualize areas contaminated with heavy metals using color coding for better geographical analysis.
- We assist suppliers in ensuring their products comply with safety standards regarding heavy metals by conducting tests and issuing safety certificates. This not only demonstrates product safety but also helps build their reputation and enhance brand value.
- A certified company or supplier gains customer confidence as its products are audited by a third-party certification body, assuring customers of product safety and sets standards above competitors.
Figure 3: Demonstration of mapping service
3. Educational version
When we interviewed with the general public, we encountered students and children. However, we observed that their understanding of heavy metal pollution is quite superficial and lacks depth.
To enhance their knowledge, we have developed an simplified educational version that includes heavy metal samples and an educational mobile app. This app will provide information on detection results, insights into GM E.coli, AloT technology, and guidance on designing a bio-sensing device.
- Target audiences: Kids, teachers, schools.
- Use case: Deepen knowledge about GMO and IoT technology like the National Geographic stem kit.
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knowledge:
- GMO
- AIoT: Artificial intelligence + Internet of things
- The problems of heavy metal in our living environment
- The harm of heavy metals to the body
- Designing a bio-sensing device like our product
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Advantage:
- Equip children with a deeper understanding of E. coli, heavy metal pollution, and AIoT technologies.
- Inspire students' interest in genetic modification and technology, encouraging them to pursue careers in biological or scientific fields in the future.
Figure 4: The shell of the educational version
Figure 5: Software page
Cost of each version (In USD)
Domestic version
| No. | Component | Cost (USD) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cooling fan | 0.43 |
| 1 | DHT 11 sensor | 0.15 |
| 1 | ESP32 | 0.31 |
| 4 | ESP32 CAM | 2.28 |
| 1 | Extension board | 1.87 |
| 3 | Fiberboard | 2.98 |
| 1 | LCD screen | 0.3 |
| 8 | Magnet piece | 0.068 |
| 4 | Magnet rod | 0.44 |
| 4 | Motor | 1.04 |
| 1 | Pipe | 0.2 |
| 1 | PWM switch | 0.28 |
| 2 | Rechargeable lithium battery | 4.82 |
| 2 | Transformer | 1.0 |
| 1 | UV light | 1.47 |
| 1 | Water pump | 0.33 |
| 20 | Wire | 1.5 |
| 1 | Heater | 0.43 |
| Total cost = | $19.898 | |
Integrated version
| No. | Component | Cost (USD) |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | PCS camera module | 22.24 |
| 2 | Rechargeable lithium battery | 4.82 |
| 1 | PWM switch | 0.28 |
| 20 | Wire | 1.5 |
| 1 | Cooling fan | 0.43 |
| 1 | Arduino UNO R3 | 16 |
| 1 | LCD screen | 0.3 |
| 1 | Transformer | 1.2 |
| 1 | DHT 11 sensor | 0.36 |
| 1 | Extension board | 1.87 |
| 1 | ESP32 | 0.31 |
| 3 | Fiberboard | 2.98 |
| 8 | Magnet piece | 0.068 |
| 1 | IR sensor | 0.2 |
| 1 | Water pump | 0.33 |
| 4 | Magnet rod | 0.44 |
| 4 | Motor | 1.04 |
| 1 | Pipe | 0.2 |
| 1 | UV light | 1.47 |
| 1 | Solar panel | 1.28 |
| 1 | Heater | 0.43 |
| Total cost = | $55.738 | |
Educational version
| No. | Component | Cost (USD) |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | Heavy metal sample | 6 |
| 3 | Acrylic board | 6.5 |
| 4 | ESP32 CAM | 2.28 |
| 1 | ESP32 | 0.31 |
| Total cost = | $15.09 | |
SWOT Analysis
The features of our device provide the foundation for an innovative and effective alternative for various applications. Our integrated human practices confirm the capabilities of our device, demonstrating its potential to outperform existing solutions in the field. Additionally, we closely monitor our competitors in heavy metal detection, such as ICP-MS and AAS, which are commonly used by various heavy metal detection companies.
To gain a comprehensive understanding of our project, we have conducted a SWOT analysis (as shown in the figure). This analysis allows us to evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, helping us identify areas for improvement in our device.
Figure 6: SWOT
Business model and Timeline
We have carefully considered our growth plans. Our business model provides a clear overview of our development plans, including the resources and key activities involved.We also used this as the basis for creating a timeline for the future.
Figure 7: Business model
- First, this product utilizes recombinant DNA technology and must undergo a comprehensive safety review. It is essential to establish a robust production system and ensure that our facilities meet all regulatory standards.
- We will conduct market research to gain a deeper understanding of current market conditions and demand.
- Next, we will promote this product through online advertising, as well as in clinics, schools, and trade booths to enhance consumer awareness.
- Additionally, we will seek individuals and companies interested in investing in our venture.
- Our sales strategy will include direct purchasing and through our website and online sales platforms. The profits generated will be reinvested into research and development, to create a higher-yield and more efficient production system.
- Our long-term objective is to enhance the sensitivity of our product, reduce reaction times, and expand its ability to detect a wider variety of substances, ultimately increasing our sales scale.
Risks and Precautions
The primary concern for this project is the potential release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Given that the use of GMOs is fundamental to the project, stricter laws and regulations governing their use could pose significant risks. The product must undergo a comprehensive safety review due to its reliance on recombinant DNA technology. It is essential to establish a robust production system and ensure our facilities comply with all regulatory standards.
Current regulations are designed to prevent the spread and hybridization of GMOs in the natural environment. Additionally, some customers may still have concerns regarding the safety of genetically modified products.
To mitigate these concerns, we have implemented a bleach dispensing system that effectively eliminates GM E. coli and degrades its DNA, significantly reducing the risk of GMO leakage into the environment.
In future developments, we plan to enhance safety by incorporating a killswitch into GM E. coli. This killswitch will make the bacteria dependent on specific nutrients that are extremely rare in nature, ensuring that they can only survive in a controlled environment. Even if they were to be accidentally released into the natural environment, they would be unable to adapt and would perish.
Reference
- Department of Health. (2024, May). Be vigilant towards heavy metal poisoning. Poisoning Watch, Volume 17 Number 1.https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/poisoning_watch_vol_17_num_1_eng.pdf
- Vitargent. (n.d.). On Vitargent Fish Embryo Testing Technology. Vitargent.http://www.vitargent.com/zh-cn/qa/ (Only Simplified Chinese version available)