We plan to genetically modify E. coli by transforming the strains with engineered plasmids to synthesize special proteins that are minimally structured antibodies to bind to gynecological disease biomarkers, CA125 and IL-6, for disease risk early screening.

Working with E. coli strains in a BSL-1 facility, while generally safe, requires adherence to proper safety protocols to minimize hazards and risks. Here is a streamlined overview of safety considerations for handling E. coli in a BSL-1 environment:

1. Hazards and Risks Associated with E. coli in a BSL-1 Facility:
a. Biological Hazards:
- The distinction between non-pathogenic and pathogenic strains is crucial, with the risk of non-pathogenic strains acquiring pathogenic genes through horizontal gene transfer.
- There is a potential risk of accidental exposure through direct contact, inhalation, or ingestion, especially if the strain has unknown virulence factors.
b. Chemical Hazards:
- The use of chemicals such as antibiotics, dyes, or reagents in experiments poses risks due to their toxic, irritant, or corrosive properties.
- Disinfectants used for sterilization can also pose inhalation, skin, or eye hazards.
c. Physical Hazards:
- The use of sharp objects and equipment like pipettes and needles carries a risk of cuts or puncture wounds, which could lead to bacterial exposure.
- Burn hazards are present with the use of Bunsen burners or autoclaves if not handled correctly.

2. Necessary Precautions in a BSL-1 Facility:
a. General Laboratory Safety Practices:
- Adherence to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for handling E. coli and other microbes.
- Training for all personnel on the specific risks associated with the strains and understanding Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for all materials.
- Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), including lab coats, gloves, and safety glasses.
b. Good Microbiological Practices (GMP):
- Practice aseptic techniques, including proper handling of cultures, media, and equipment.
- Maintain hand hygiene, washing thoroughly before and after working with cultures.
- Avoid mouth pipetting and use mechanical pipetting devices.
c. Proper Handling of Materials and Waste:
- Ensure cultures are contained and avoid practices that generate aerosols or splashes.
- Dispose of all microbial waste through autoclaving before disposal.
- Regularly decontaminate work surfaces with appropriate disinfectants.
d. Minimizing Exposure Risks:
- Consider using Biosafety Cabinets (BSCs) for procedures that may generate aerosols.
- Be prepared with spill kits and follow proper spill response procedures.
- Avoid eating, drinking, or handling personal items in the laboratory.

3. Emergency Response and Reporting:
- Immediately report all spills, exposures, or accidents to the laboratory supervisor.
- Be aware of potential infection symptoms and seek medical attention if necessary.